Since the stage, stage lighting becomes part of the stage. Stage lighting, you highlight the visual, realistic, aesthetic and performance of the four elements. Has undergone many years of evolution. And gradually developed into today's more complete and advanced lighting system. The first boom of the play, appeared in ancient Greece over two thousand years ago. At that time the theater was open-air or semi-open. Stage lighting by the sky that the immense "lights" - the sun, it can only be performed during the day. The need to rest and entertainment at night, outdoor performances vulnerable to weather and other objective shortcomings and the development of the theater so that the stage lighting has become a problem that people must solve.
Performance lighting design is successful, based on whether the appropriate treatment of stage lighting as a symbol. Stage lighting not only to illuminate the actors, so that the audience to see facial expressions, demeanor and action, more importantly, make full use of lighting technology, lighting and other means to enhance the operation to enhance the artistic effect of the audience have immersive feeling.
Stage lighting is mainly produced by the combination of computer lights and other lighting effects, through different shapes, different color changes, different perspectives, horizontal and vertical out of the light angle changes and the speed speed, strobe speed, aperture size changes , Focal length changes and other comprehensive performance. So, in understanding the stage lighting technology must master these basic knowledge:
First, visible light
Light is the electromagnetic energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation wavelength range is very wide, only the wavelength of 380 ~ 760nm in this part of the radiation can cause light vision, known as visible light. The wavelength is shorter than 380nm light is ultraviolet, x-ray, γ-ray; longer than 760nm light is infrared, radio waves, etc., they can not produce visual vision of the human eye, that is invisible. Therefore, the light is an objective energy, and with the subjective feelings are closely linked.
Second, the color classification
Color can be divided into two categories of non-color and color. Achromatic refers to the white, light gray, gray to dark gray, until the black, called the white black series. Pure white is the ideal object of complete light reflection, the reflectivity of 1; pure black is the ideal non-reflective objects, the reflectivity of 0. Therefore, the achromatic white and black series represents the object of the light reflectivity changes. We know that the light reflectivity and brightness is proportional to the indoor white walls and ceiling can get a higher brightness. Color refers to the black and white outside the series of colors. Color has three characteristics: hue, lightness and saturation, known as the color of the three elements.
Hue is the color that is presented. That is, the name of a variety of different colors, such as red, green, blue and so on. It depends on the wavelength of light. Brightness (Brightness) is the brightness of the color. Different shades of lightness are different, even if the same color due to the nature of the surface of the object and the light intensity will have different shades, shades of difference. If the same is yellow, you can have light yellow, yellow, deep yellow and so on.
Saturation (saturation) means the color depth (shade), it can be said that the purity of color, bright degree. The higher the saturation, the deeper the color (dark), visible light in a variety of monochromatic light is the most saturated color. The more white light is incorporated in the spectral color, the more unsaturated it becomes. For example, red light is higher than the saturation of pink light, because the pink light mixed with white light. In general, the same color, the brightness changes, the saturation also will change, but the brightness increases or decreases its saturation are reduced, only the lightness is moderate saturation (purity) was the largest. However, people feel, always feel that always bright colors look bright colors.
Three, three primary colors and color matching method
Red, green, blue is called the three primary colors. These three colors are mixed in different proportions and produce a variety of colors. Color mixing has two basic methods: additive color mixing and subtractive mixing.
The so-called additive color mixing is when the different colors of light mixing, they put their respective share in the spectrum together, resulting in a new hybrid color method. Indicating the color additive color mixing relationship. Red, green and blue light of the three primary colors can be mixed:
Red + green = yellow green + blue = glaucoma light
Green + red = magenta red + green + blue = white
If you do not mix the three primary colors of light, you can get a variety of intermediate colors, for example:
Red light green light more than less orange light
Red light + blue light = pink light
Subtractive mixing is a method in which a mixture of different colors, each of which selectively absorbs its corresponding portion in the spectrum from the incident light, produces a synthetic color effect. Any two kinds of color together, such as can produce white light, the two shade each other called complementary light (complementary color). Such as yellow and blue complement each other, green and red complement each other, magenta and green complement each other. Therefore, yellow, cyan, magenta, respectively, by reducing the blue, minus red, minus the green, that is, three complementary colors are subtracted by a corresponding white color from the corresponding. Therefore, yellow, cyan, magenta can be called subtractive color three primary colors.
When yellow, magenta, green three subtractive color primary colors overlap together will produce black. In the subtractive process, the three subtractive primary colors of the density changes in the control of the red, green and blue absorption ratio, resulting in a variety of mixed colors, color mixing method can be achieved with the same effect.
Fourth, color and vision
Color will give people a sense of cold and warm, the sense of distance, the sense of size and severity, and often people to associate, resulting in different psychological effects, these are people long-term visual habits.
Color can usually be divided into cool, warm and neutral color (intermediate color) three categories. Color of cold and warm is based on a variety of colors caused by the visual response and psychological division of the association. Red people think of the heat of the fire, resulting in warmth, known as warm. Blue people think of cold water, gives a sense of cold, it is called cool. Purple, green is not cold not warm neutral color. Different colors can affect the appearance of the object size. If some of the same color of the same size objects together, in the visual sense will produce a large white objects. Dark black objects are small. In general, white objects appear to be the largest, black objects appear to be smallest, yellow objects are larger, followed by green, red, and blue.
People on the visual habits of color will produce far and near sense. Objects of different colors give different visual senses at the same distance. Warm to give people the feeling of moving forward, cool color becomes back away from the feeling. And the color gives the sense of distance is also affected by the background color. For example, when the background is white, the blue color appears to be closer. When the background is black, the red appears to be the nearest, followed by orange, yellow, green, blue and purple. The use of this feature can help us create a color three-dimensional sense of distance illusion effect.
The color of light and heavy feeling is also the long-term visual habits. Generally believed that the white lightest, black the most important. In the three primary colors, the light green, blue, the most important, red center. There are two primary colors of light mixed to form the same color, with light color appears to be light, with heavy colors appear heavy. Color sense of weight not only through the brightness and purity of expression, but also by the color in the screen area occupied by the size of the impact. A large area appears to be heavier and smaller than the area of color to attract people's attention.
